ABSTRACT
The viscera of 10 kinds of marine fishes were collected for fish oil extraction and detection of DHA and EPA, two most important polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fish oil extraction ratio for the evaluated fishes varied from 0.95% to 10.18% [wt%]. Pseudosciaena crocea presented the highest fish oil yield, followed by Mustelus manazo, Hippoglossus and Sciaenopsocellatus. A gas chromatography method was then established for analysis of EPA/DHA. The EPA concentration [in methyl ester form] in the fish oil varied from 1.39 to 10.65[mg/g]. Epinephelus awoara presented the highest EPA concentration [p<0.05], followed by Epinephelussp, Sciaenopsocellatus and Hippoglossus. The DHA concentration [in methyl ester form] in the fish oil varied from 0.58 to 37.02 [mg/g]. Epinephelus awoara presented the highest DHA concentration [p<0.05], followed by Sciaenopsocellatus, Pseudosciaena crocea and Hippoglossus. No strict positive correlation between the EPA/DHA concentration and the sea depth where the fish live was observed. The fishes living in middle depth presented highest EPA/DHA concentration
Subject(s)
Animals , Eicosapentaenoic Acid/analysis , Docosahexaenoic Acids/analysis , Viscera , Chromatography, GasABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the change of chemosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG(2)/ADM) after treated by bromocriptine (BCT) combination with human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Firstly, TNF-alpha gene was transfected into HepG(2)/ADM cell line by liposome to establish a cell model expressing the TNF-alpha protein stably. All experiments were divided into four groups and named blank control group (group A), drug resistant group HepG(2)/ADM (group B), TNF-alpha gene group HepG(2)/ADM/TNF (group C) and BCT group (group D) respectively. And group D came from group C treated with BCT simultaneously. MTT assay was tested to detect the sensitivity to ADM of each group and Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) was applied to test the function of P-gp by flow cytometric analysis (FCM). MDR associated genes and proteins and PKC-alpha protein were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods, respectively. The expression and the apoptosis rate of Bcl-2 in the hepatocarcinoma cells were detected by FCM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was significant difference between group C and D in the rate of reversing resistance and the intracellular Rho123 accumulation (P < 0.01). MDR1 mRNA and P-gp protein expression in group C and D were low similar to that in group A, but no difference could be found among them (P > 0.05). As we found that PKC-alpha protein expression was downregulated in group D but Bcl-2 protein expression was downregulated in group C, and there was significant difference compared to other groups. The apoptosis rate of hepatocarcinoma cells was much higher in group D than that in group C (P < 0.01) with FCM, but similar to group A (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Synergistic effect of BCT and TNF-alpha on reversing hepatocellular carcinoma multidrug resistance could enhance the susceptibility of HepG(2)/ADM cells to cytotoxic drugs.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Blotting, Western , Bromocriptine , Pharmacology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Genetics , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Genetics , Flow Cytometry , Liver Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Transfection , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Genetics , Metabolism , PhysiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effects of hydrocortisone sodium succinate on sodium current in human atrial myocytes and in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single cardiac myocytes were isolated by enzyme. The effects of hydrocortisone sodium succinate on sodium current (INa) were assessed by applying whole-cell patch clamp techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (1, 3, 10 micromol x L(-1)) was shown to inhibit INa of both human atrial myocytes and guinea pig ventricular myocytes in concentration dependent manner and the IC50 were 6.97 and 8.74 micromol x L(-1), respectively. The inhibition effects acted quickly (1-3 min) and the maximal activating voltage of INa was not changed in both human and guinea pig cardiac myocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hydrocortisone sodium succinate can exhibit inhibitory effects on INa in both human and guinea pig cardiac myocytes, and its inhibitory effects act rapidly, which are not consistent with genomic effects, so there may be nongenomic effects.</p>